Infrastructure

Global ammonia infrastructure

An in-depth look at the existing and planned infrastructure that underpins the global ammonia system. Click any marker on the map for full details, or filter by infrastructure type using the sidebar.

Terminals mapped
42 sites
Pipelines mapped
8 networks
Crackers (operational)
3 facilities
Bunkering hubs
4 active / planned

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Infrastructure by category

Detailed breakdown of each infrastructure type, covering what exists today, what is planned, and where the critical gaps are.

Storage terminals

Port of Rotterdam (Vopak / OCI)~2 MT/yr · Operational
Houston Ship Channel (CF Industries)~1.5 MT · Operational
Jubail, Saudi Arabia (SABIC)Large scale · Operational
Yokohama / Osaka (Mitsubishi Chemical)Multiple · Operational
Brunsbüttel, Germany (Hy2B)0.1 MT · Planned 2027
Lüderitz, Namibia (Hyphen)2.0 MT · Planned 2030
India AVTL / Vopak (6 ports)Multiple · Operational and expanding

Cracking facilities

Air Liquide, Port of AntwerpPilot scale · Operational 2025
ThyssenKrupp Uhde / Uniper, GermanyDemo · Operational 2027
ThyssenKrupp Uhde / Uniper (6 EU ports)Commercial · Planned 2027 to 2029
Proton Vesta Terminal, RotterdamWorld scale · Commissioning 2027
Floating crackers (SHI / Lloyd's)FPSO concept · Under development
Key bottleneck: current crackers reach 70 to 80% H₂ yield. Commercial viability requires 85% or above.

Pipeline networks

US Midwest ammonia pipeline (Terra/Koch)3,000 km · Operational
Togliatti to Odessa (Ukraine)2,400 km · Suspended
Envision Chifeng to Jinzhou (China)300 km · Planned
Delta Rhine Corridor (Rotterdam to Duisburg)H₂ pipeline · Planned
European H₂ backbone (with NH₃ nodes)Multi-country · Planned 2030
Saudi Arabia industrial pipelines (Jubail)Operational

Bunkering hubs

Dalian Port, China (Envision / COSCO)Operational. First NH₃ bunker in NE Asia.
Jurong Island, Singapore (Keppel)Integrated power and bunker · In development
Port of Rotterdam (Vopak / Proton)Bunkering planned alongside terminal
Yokohama / Tokyo Bay (NYK / MOL)Import and bunkering · In development
Of the top 30 global ports by shipping volume, fewer than 5 have confirmed NH₃ bunkering plans.

Regional readiness

Region Existing strength Key gaps Readiness
USALargest storage network (6.5 MT). Extensive pipeline. Major coastal terminals.Limited green production. Bunkering underdeveloped.High (conventional)
Japan7.1 MT/yr processable storage. Strong co-firing pipeline. Committed government policy.No domestic production. Entirely import dependent.High (import ready)
Netherlands / BelgiumRotterdam hub. Antwerp cracker operational. Strong connectivity to Germany.Community acceptance of NH₃ pipelines. Scaling cracking to commercial size.Developing
Saudi ArabiaJubail export hub. Existing gas ammonia infrastructure. NEOM export terminal commissioning.Green export terminals still being built. Offtake not fully locked.Developing
IndiaSix AVTL terminals (Vopak JV). Large domestic production base. Government green port policy.Green production still in development. Export terminals unbuilt.Developing
ChinaWorld's largest producer. Dalian bunkering operational. Envision pipeline planned.Coal-based production dominant. Green fraction small.High (domestic)
Namibia / AfricaExcellent renewable resource. Hyphen FID secured. Strong export corridor to Europe.Almost no existing ammonia infrastructure. Greenfield build required.Early stage
AustraliaYURI operational. Multiple large projects advancing. Strong Japan and Korea export demand.Export terminals mostly unbuilt. Grid connection challenges in remote locations.Developing
Research note

Our infrastructure team is currently building a full port-by-port database covering 80 or more ammonia-relevant terminals worldwide (Research R-02, target Q2 2026). If you work in port operations or terminal management and can contribute data, please get in touch.

Data sources: All data is compiled from publicly available information. Figures are best available estimates as of April 2026. Submit corrections to [email protected].